Радиациядан коронавирусқа дейін: бетперденің эволюциясы

Соңғы бірнеше айда коронавирус жер шарының келбетін толығымен өзгертті. Миллиондаған адамды үйде отыруға мәжбүр етіп, медициналық маскалар мен қолғаптарды және антисептиктерді әлемдегі ең танымал тауарларға айналдырды.

Алайда, тарихта адамдарды жеке қорғаныс құралдарын қолдануға мәжбүрлейтін оқиғалар бірнеше рет болған. Мысалы, бомбалау, химиялық шабуылдар, тұмау эпидемиясы, түтін. Көп жағдайда адамдар өздерінің тыныс алу жолдарын қолдан жасалған құрылғылармен қорғаған.

Мысалы, әрбір кеңестік мектеп оқушысы мақта-дәке таңғышын – азаматтық қорғаныс сабақтарында жасауды оқып, үйренді. Оны қауіп-қатерлерден қорғаудың қарапайым құралы ретінде танып, білді.

Наурыз айының ортасынан бастап Қазақстанда төтенше жағдай жарияланды. Елдегі қалалар карантинге жабылып, ал бетперде режимі барлық тұрғын үшін міндетті болып табылды. 30 наурыз бен 6 сәуір аралығы елордада жұмыс істемейтін апта ретінде жарияланды. Көптеген кәсіпорынның жаппай өндіруге кіріскеніне қарамастан, қазақстандықтар қорғаныс құралдарының жетіспеушілігіне тап болды.

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1938 жылы Англияның Хакни қаласында аулаға серуендеуге шыққан балалар әуе шабуылынан сақтану үшін газдан қорғану маскаларын киіп жүрді.

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The face mask is recommended by a West German federal civil defense study group as protection against radioactive fallout in Hamburg, Germany, April 24, 1957. The dark glass at right protects the eye from intense light while the mirror, left, enables the wearer to read inside instruments indicating the intensity of radioactivity.

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Even its mother might not recognize this docile horse, equipped with a gas mask developed by Our Dumb Friends League in London, England, on March 27, 1940, as a precaution against gas attacks.

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Picture taken in November 1954 at Beijing showing children wearing a mask and walking on a street of the city.

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The British government’s new gas mask for babies under two, technically known as a baby helmet, was demonstrated for the first time on March 13, 1939, at the Holborn Town Hall in London. The demonstration was given by mothers who have received instructions of how to fit the masks, and the babies taking part varied in age from six months to two years. The helmet, a new invention, is shaped like a diver’s helmet. A mother can slip it over the child’s head and shoulders and strap it firmly round his chest so that the headpiece is sealed from the air. Then a small apparatus like a bellows is fastened to the helmet so that air can be supplied by pumping to the baby, whose face can be seen through the window. A mother holding a baby encased in one of the new gas helmets during the demonstration.

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Looking ahead to the possibility that gas masks may some day be a necessary part of their ensemble, these University of Detroit students are trying out masks in a practice drill on the campus June 23, 1942. Hidden behind the masks, which they soon learned to wear with a minimum of discomfort, are, from left: Mary Turner, Helen Williams, Evelyn Buss and Joan Joliet.

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War jitters has Manila trying on gas masks. Most of the masks are imported from the U.S. some of them are manufactured locally. Shown, what the well dressed Filipina will wear en route to the air raid shelter in Manila, Philippines on August 5, 1941.

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A British bobby, policeman, covers his mouth and nose with a mask to protect himself from the sulphurous smog in England on Dec. 5, 1962.

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A tin can, clothes pin and some chemically-treated absorbent material make up this home-made gas mask designed and worn by Vernon A. Bowers, a chemist in Baltimore, June 4, 1942. Bowers says the entire mask cost him only about 10 cents. The clothes pin keeps the nose closed while Bowers inhales air through his mouth. The can is filled with chemically-treated materials which filter out gas.

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Picture dated 1948 showing children wearing masks to protect themselves from irradiation in the devastated city of Hiroshima after the US nuclear bombing on the city 06 August 1945 during World War II. This photo dated 1948 shows children wearing masks to protect themselves from radiation in the devastated city of Hiroshima nearly three years after the US bombing on the city, 06 August 1945, at the end of World War II. Around 140,000 people, or more than half of Hiroshima's population at the time, died in the first atomic bombing 06 August 1945, with another 70,000 people perishing in the bomb dropped over Nagasaki 09 August 1945. Countless thousands others died in the years following from radiation poisoning. Following the bombings, Japan surrendered 02 September 1945 to Allied forces, officially ending World War II, bringing down the curtain on the costliest conflict in history. The 60th anniversary of the bombing of Hiroshima will take place with ceremonies in the Japanese city on 06 August 2005.

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It looks like the Beatles are traveling incognito. Actually, the Beatles are wearing the masks against the effects of fog. The famous beat group from Liverpool--George Harrison, Ringo Starr, John Lennon, and Paul McCartney , from left to right as they arrived for a concert in Ardwick, Manchester, December 7, 1965 wearing masks. They spent three and a half hours covering the four miles in one of the city's worst fogs for years.

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Eric Waltham wears a gas mask while trying to find his way past a roadblock leading into the evacuated city of Mississauga, Ont., Canada, Nov. 12, 1979. The mask was to protect him from any possible eye and breathing problems that were reported in the area. A chemical train derailment caused the evacuation of 220,000 residents on Sunday.

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An office worker wearing an anti-flu mask sits at her type-writer in London, on January 1, 1970. A flu epidemic has spread all over Great Britain and hospitals have declared a red emergency.

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Nurses in sterilized masks capping and topping bottles of blood at an army blood supply depot, somewhere in England, circa 1943.

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Fifteen-year-old Heidi Havens gives Allen Troup, 16, a kiss as he prepares to board a Spokane City bus, May 27, 1980. Spokane residents have had to wear face masks while outside for nine days now because of possible health threats from volcanic ash sprayed over the area by Mount St. Helens on May 18. Having had them on for so long, some people are obviously forgetting.

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A Pace College student in a gas mask a magnolia blossom in City Hall Park on Earth Day, April 22, 1970, in New York.

Радиациядан коронавирусқа дейін: бетперденің эволюциясы – тарихи суреттер